Augmented Reality: How Does It Work?

Augmented Reality (AR) integrates digital content into the real world by means of smartphones, tablets, and AR wearables. AR transforms multiple industries while redefining digital experiences and contributing to the global economy. So how does AR work? Can you use AR for your project? But let's see what "augmented reality" really means first.

What Is Augmented Reality?

Augmented Reality working principle is based on the real-time integration of digital information into the user’s settings. AR technology enriches a user’s perception of reality without replacing it with a simulation. AR relies on smartphones and tablets, equipped with cameras, sensors, and displays. Wearables like smart glasses and headsets are also widely used for AR. AR has made significant progress in both business and consumer domains. Most people have heard about Pokémon GO, IKEA Place, and Google Lens, each powered by this modern technology.

How Does Augmented Reality Work?

AR works through the deployment of camera-equipped hardware, such as smart glasses. Here is the step-by-step explanation of the AR process:

• Data capture: An AR device receives video content from the user’s field of vision, sensing the settings and tracking physical objects in view.
• Environment understanding: Tracking and SLAM technologies are used to collect data from accelerometers, gyroscopes, GPS, or lasers to track the user’s position.
• Rendering digital content: Digital data is streamed from the AR software into the users’ vision.
• Displaying the augmented view: Digital data is rendered in an accurate perspective and orientation, appearing to the user as if the object is physically visible. The user has a touchscreen for sending commands to the superimposed digital object for convenient manipulation.

Working Principle of Augmented Reality

AR combines specialized hardware and software to overlay digital information onto the physical settings. Core technologies include cameras, sensors, and trackers, required to collect environmental data. AR software processes collected data to generate accurate 3D content. Smartphones, AR glasses, or headsets allow users to interact with digital content, including 3D models, images, and even videos. The synchronized interaction between hardware and software ensures smooth performance of virtual elements.

Key Technologies That Power AR

The working principle of augmented reality relies on a complex blend of hardware and software, creating an enriched interactive experience. Here are the key components involved in this technology:

• Cameras and sensors: AR devices rely on cameras and various sensors to catch the real-world settings. The data from these sensors is crucial for overlaying digital content onto the physical world
• Processors: AR high-quality processors analyze the real-world data collected by the cameras and sensors in real time. It recognizes objects, tracks movement, and renders 3D models.
• AR software/SDKs: Computer vision algorithms build the heart of AR technology. They analyze the data from cameras and sensors to identify objects in the real world.
• SLAM and spatial mapping: AR systems use SLAM to develop a map of the setting while simultaneously tracking the device’s location within that setting. This process maintains the accuracy of the digital overlays as the user moves through the real settings.
• Display systems: A smartphone screen or transparent lenses in AR glasses help users see the augmented content overlaid onto their view of the physical world.

Read Also: Type of Augmented Reality

Types of Augmented Reality

Each project requires a certain type of Augmented Reality. Here are the main types of AR:

• Marker-based AR uses a visual marker to activate an interactive experience. You need to scan the image with the device’s camera to release special effects.
• Markerless AR doesn’t use a physical marker, but rather location-based data like GPS to track the user’s settings and detect the location of the virtual content. You use a smartphone to scan the physical world with your device and integrate the digital element there.
• Projection-based AR uses a fixed projector in a physical setting to overlay 3D elements onto the physical space. It doesn’t develop fully immersive environments, but rather holograms.
• Superimposition-based AR replaces a physical element with a full or partial digital view. This type of AR can give you direction and guidance, especially in physical stores.

Real-World Examples / Use Cases

Different types of AR serve various purposes across industries. The most common practical applications can be found in ecommerce and retail, since potential buyers can check the product from various angles in advance. AR also creates 3D models for healthcare and education needs. AR virtual tours allow people to explore a property virtually. Immersive games have become a significant contribution to the entertainment industry due to more authentic experiences.

Common Questions About AR Functionality

Can AR work without internet?

Yes, AR can work offline if 3D models or other digital content have been preloaded. The internet can improve performance by enabling cloud-based processing, real-time updates, and content streaming.

What devices support AR?

AR is supported on smartphones, tablets, AR glasses, and headsets.

How accurate is AR?

AR accuracy depends on the hardware, software, and settings. SLAM technology and high-quality sensors enable accurate object placement and real-time tracking.

What skills are needed to work in AR?

3D modeling, programming (e.g., C# and C++), SDKs (e.g., ARKit and ARCore), and UX design enable proper functionality of AR.

Also Read: Introduction to 3D Modelling

Conclusion

What is augmented reality? How does augmented reality work? Now that you know the answers to these questions, you may consider using this immersive technology for your project. As technology progresses, it is expected to enhance the creation of digital worlds, artwork, and realistic characters. Continue exploring AR along with its practical applications.